Recommended Shanghe Map of the Qingming Festival

作品采用散点透视构图法，生动记录了中国十二世纪北宋都城汴京（又称东京，今河南开封）的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层人民的生活状况，是北宋全盛时期都城汴京繁荣的见证。

The work uses scattered perspective composition, which vividly records the urban appearance of Bianjing (also known as Tokyo, now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and the living conditions of all walks of society at that time. They are the witness to the prosperity of the capital Bianjing in the heyday of the Northern Song Dynasty.

1、构图： Composition

《清明上河图》描绘了北宋时期都城东京（今河南开封）的状况，主要是汴京以及汴河两岸的自然风光和繁荣景象。

The Riverside Scene during the Qingming Dynasty depicts the situation of the capital of Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) during the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly in the natural scenery and prosperity of Bianjing and along both sides of the Bianhe River.

清明上河是当时的民间风俗，像今天的节日集会，人们藉以参加商贸活动。全图大致分为汴京郊外春光、汴河场景、城内街市三部分。

Qingming ShangRiver is a folk custom at that time, like today's festival gathering, people to participate in trade activities. The whole picture is roughly divided into three parts: the spring outside of Bianjing, the Bianhe sc

内容丰富，描绘东西繁多。

《清明上河图》在表现手法上，以不断移动视点的办法，即“散点透视法”来摄取所需的景象。大到广阔的原野、浩瀚的河流、高耸的城郭，细到舟车上的钉铆、摊贩上的小商品、市招上的文字，和谐的组织成统一整体，在画中有仕、农、商、医、卜、僧、道、胥吏、妇女、儿童、篙师、缆夫等人物及驴、牛、骆驼等牲畜。有赶集、买卖、闲逛、饮酒、聚谈、推舟、拉车、乘轿、骑马等情节。画中大街小巷，店铺林立，酒店、茶馆、点心铺等百肆杂陈，还有城楼、河港、桥梁、货船，官府宅第和茅棚村舍密集。

It is rich and depicts things.

"Qingming Riverside Map" in the method of expression, by constantly moving the point of view, that is, "scattered point perspective" to absorb the required scene. Large to the vast fields, vast rivers, towering city guo, fine to the nails on the cart, small goods, vendors on the city, harmonious organization into a unified whole, officials, agriculture, commerce, medicine, medicine, Bu, monks, Tao, officials, women, children, poles, cables and other figures and donkeys, cattle, camels and other livestock. There are fairs, buying, wandering, drinking, gathering, pushing, boat, pulling, sedan chair, horse riding and other plots. Painting the streets and alleys, shops, hotels, teahouses, snack shops and other miscellaneous Chen, as well as city tower, river port, Bridges, cargo ships, official mansion and Maoshed village dense.

关于《清明上河图》中画有的人数，说法不一，常见的有500余人说（白寿彝《中国通史》）、815人说（汤友常数米法）、1695人说（齐藤谦《拙堂文话·卷八》），此外各种牲畜六十多匹，木船二十多只，房屋楼阁三十多栋，推车乘轿也有二十多件，各种说法较为一致。如此丰富多彩的内容，为历代古画中所罕见。各色人物从事的各种活动，不仅衣着不同，神情气质也各异而且穿插安排着各种活动，其间充满着戏剧性的情节冲突，令观者看罢，饶有无穷回味。

On the number of people painted in the Qingming Festival, different, common more than 500 people said (Bai Shouyi "General History of China"), 815 people said (Tang You often number meter method), 1695 people said (Qi Teng Qian "humble language volume eight"), in addition, more than sixty kinds of livestock, more than twenty wooden boats, more than thirty houses and pavilions, carts and cars, various statements are more consistent. Such a rich and colorful content is rare in the ancient paintings. All kinds of characters are engaged in various activities, not only in different clothes, but also in different expressions and temperament and arranged with various activities, which are full of dramatic plot conflicts, so that the viewer can see, with endless aftertaste.

2、收藏价值：Collection value

一、艺术价值：artistic value

①整幅画作结构严谨，长而不冗画作丰富多彩的内容，主体突出，全卷浑然一体；画中每个人物、景象、细节，都安排得合情合理，达到繁而不杂，多而不乱的整体效果，这也从侧面突出了作者的绘画功力深厚。

The structure of the whole painting is rigorous, long but not redundant. The painting has rich and colorful content, prominent main body and integrated whole volume; Each character, scene and detail in the painting are arranged reasonably, so as to achieve the overall effect of complexity but not complexity, and more but not chaos, which also highlights the author's profound painting skills from the side.

②繁而不乱、段落分明疏密、繁简、动静、聚散等画面关系，处理得恰到好处，充分表现了画家对社会生活的深刻洞察力和高度的画面组织和控制能力。从内容看，此画属于风俗画，也具有风俗画的特点，为宋朝后期的风俗画发展提供了参考。

Complex but not chaotic, clear paragraphs, dense, complex and simple, dynamic and static, gathering and scattering and other picture relations are handled properly, which fully shows the painter's deep insight into social life and high picture organization and control ability. From the content, this painting belongs to genre painting and also has the characteristics of genre painting, which provides a reference for the development of genre painting in the late Song Dynasty.

历史价值

首先描绘北荣百姓，展现市井面貌，其次张择端试图通过《清明上河图》向宋徽宗展现一些社会顽疾，北宋经济虽为繁荣，但是仍然有百姓处于社会的最底层，生活还是有困难的，经济上也并非如表面那般宽裕，是一幅带有忧患意识的"盛世危图"。

First of all, it depicts Beirong people and shows the appearance of the market. Secondly, Zhang Zeduan tries to show Huizong of Song Dynasty some persistent social diseases through the picture of the river during the Qingming Festival. Although the economy of the Northern Song Dynasty is prosperous, there are still people at the bottom of society, life is still difficult, and the economy is not as rich as it appears. It is a "prosperous and dangerous map" with a sense of hardship.

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