乾隆通寶鑄於清高宗乾隆年間(1736年-1795年),背面的滿文比較複雜,可以參考華光普的《中國古錢幣目錄》,上面有很詳細的價格和錢幣拓片。歷史年代為,清高宗乾隆年間。絕大部分為小平錢,新疆紅錢有部分當十錢,寶泉、寶鞏發現有大錢,但應為開爐或後鑄花錢,非行用品。
QianlongTongbaowascastinthereignofEmperorGaozongoftheQingDynasty(1736-1795).TheManchucharactersonthebackarecomplicated.YoucanrefertoHuaGuangpu'scatalogueofancientChinesecoins,whichcontainsdetailedpricesandrubbings.ThehistoricalperiodisthereignofEmperorGaozongandEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty.MostofthemareXiaopingcoins,andsomeofXinjiangredcoinsareusedastencoins.BaoquanandBaogongfoundthattherewerelargecoins,buttheyshouldbeusedforfurnaceopeningorpostcasting,notforcommercialuse.
乾隆通寶,字從上而下而右而左直讀,錢背文字沿雍正滿文錢式穿孔左邊有“寶”字,穿孔右邊鑄有各局名。乾隆通寶”版式很多,錢文方面京局的多用宋體,寶浙局多用楷書,寶陝、寶川兩局用隸書,但大多數地方錢局用宋體。新疆紅錢部分局背滿文,其他則背維文和滿文。少數錢背有星、漢字,又有記年,記值,合背,吉語等錢。乾隆常見的共有二十二個鑄局,新疆紅錢有六個鑄局。
QianlongTongbao,thecharactersreadfromtoptobottom,righttoleft,andthecharactersonthebackofthecoinwereperforatedalongtheYongzhengManchuQianstyle,withtheword"Bao"ontheleftandthenamesofvariousbureausontheright.Therearemanyformatsof"QianlongTongbao".Intermsofmoney,thecapitalbureauusessongstyle,thebaozhebureauusesregularscript,andtheBaoshanandBaochuanbureaususeofficialscript,butmostlocalmoneybureaususesongstyle.SomeoftheRedCoinsinXinjiangreciteManchu,whileothersreciteUyghurandManchu.Asmallnumberofmoneybackhasstars,Chinesecharacters,butalsotorecordtheyear,recordvalue,backtogether,auspiciouslanguageandothermoney.Therewere22commoncastingbureausinQianlong,andsixinXinjiangHongqian.
乾隆通寶錢徑約2.2-2.5釐米,厚0.1釐米,重約2.4-4.8克。錢面文字“乾隆通寶”以楷書書寫,其字從上而下而右而左直讀。錢背文字沿雍正滿文錢式穿孔左邊有“寶”字,穿孔右邊鑄有各局名。乾隆通寶連寶泉、寶源在內先後有29局開鑄,多用黃銅與青銅,也引進國外洋銅澆制法。新疆地區新用方孔圓錢,開設伊犁、阿克蘇、烏什、葉爾羌、喀什葛爾、庫車等局,因用自產紅銅鼓鑄、故稱為“新疆紅錢”或“普爾錢”(“普爾”維語即錢的意思)。乾隆通寶只少數錢背文看見星號或漢字。乾隆通寶還有合面錢、吉語錢以及私鑄劣質錢、鵝眼錢等,品類不下百種,存於世上的有雕母數種,至為珍貴。
QianlongTongbaocoinsareabout2.2-2.5cmindiameter,0.1cminthicknessand2.4g-4.8ginweight.QianLongTongbaowaswritteninregularscript,whichwasreadfromtoptobottom,rightandleft.ThecharactersonthebackofthecoinwereperforatedalongtheYongzhengManchucoinstyle,withtheword"Bao"ontheleftandthenamesofvariousbureausontheright.TheTongbaoofQianlong,includingBaoquanandBaoyuan,hadbeencastin29blockssuccessively.Mostofthemweremadeofbrassandbronze,andforeigncoppercastingmethodwasalsointroduced.ThesquareholeroundcoinwasnewlyusedinXinjiang,andILI,Aksu,Wushi,Yeerqiang,Kashgar,KuqaandotherbureausweresetupinXinjiang.Itiscalled"Xinjiangredmoney"or"Pumoney"(theUyghurlanguageof"Pu"meansmoney).InQianlongTongbao,onlyafewQianbeiwensawasterisksorChinesecharacters.Therearemorethan100kindsofTongbaoinQianlong,suchasHemiancoin,Jiyucoin,privatelycastinferiormoneyandgooseeyecoin.Thereareseveralkindsofcarvedmotherintheworld,whichareveryprecious.
錢幣的形狀、質地、包漿、文字和製作工藝等諸多方面來識別。每一時期的錢幣,形狀、質地和文字都有其獨特的風格和特徵。各個歷史時期的鑄造工藝不盡相同,錢幣不僅有經濟價值,更有歷史價值和藝術價值,而歷史價值和藝術價值又直接影響著經濟價值。
Theshape,texture,coating,charactersandproductiontechnologyofcoinsareidentified.Theshape,textureandcharactersofeachperiodhavetheirownuniquestyleandcharacteristics.Thecastingtechnologyofeachhistoricalperiodisdifferent.Coinshavenotonlyeconomicvalue,butalsohistoricalvalueandartisticvalue,whichdirectlyaffecttheeconomicvalue.
現在我們的生活質量提高了,很多人把越來越多的精力放在了自己的精神層面的追求,也就導致了有一些人熱衷於收藏,收藏各種各樣的一些稀少的東西成為一種樂趣,在前些年收藏主要集中於一些古董字畫,但是在最近幾年時間裡面,收藏越來越集中於古錢幣。
Nowthatourqualityoflifehasimproved,manypeoplehaveputmoreandmoreenergyintotheirspiritualpursuit.Asaresult,somepeoplearekeenoncollectingvariousrarethings.Inpreviousyears,thecollectionmainlyfocusedonsomeantiquecalligraphyandpainting,butinrecentyears,thecollectionhasbecomemoreandmorefocusedonancientcoins.
古錢幣這種作為收藏的物品來說,具有很大的優勢,一方面是古錢幣這種收藏品小而精更加方便大家都保存,另外一方面古錢幣和我們每個人的生活是息息相關的,收藏這一行的東西更加具有意義。
Asacollectionofitems,ancientcoinshavegreatadvantages.Ontheonehand,thecollectionofancientcoinsissmallandrefined,whichismoreconvenientforeveryonetokeep.Ontheotherhand,ancientcoinsarecloselyrelatedtoourlife,socollectingthingsinthislineismoremeaningful.